The Sinking of the Lusitania
July. 20,1918Winsor McCay recreates the sinking of the ocean liner Lusitania by a German U-boat in this propaganda piece designed to stir up anti-German sentiment during World War I.
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Winsor McCay's 1918 cartoon "The Sinking of the Lusitania" was designed to make the US population enter World War I. Every war's gotta have a pretext. The world has spent the past year remembering the global conflict, and the Lusitania got sunk 100 years ago this month. Most important is that World War I set the stage for much of what happened during the 20th century. In addition to the millions of people lost to the war, the Turkish army massacred almost half of Armenia's population. The terrible conditions in Russia combined with conscription led to the 1917 revolution. The Versailles Negotiations led to the Third Reich (caused by the reparations imposed on Germany) and the Vietnam War (Woodrow Wilson's refusal to listen to a young Ho Chi Minh). And then there's the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which led to the current mess in the Middle East.Anyway, it's a well done cartoon. It's always neat to see the relics of early cinema, and especially the animation. Worth seeing, understanding that it's propaganda cartoon.
AN OFTEN HELD and widely spread attitude concerning animation is that it is kids' stuff and not proper fare for we 'sophisticated' adults. All work in this film discipline are somehow lumped into the not so flatteringly used term of "Cartoons." Just check how they are invariably classified as being 'Children's'.WE MUST CONFESS that we succumbed to some of this propaganda; which would appear to be very difficult to resist. When we add to that the widely held notion that all of today's pictures are superior to any from "the old days." These are falsehoods that would be easily put to rest if only one would view some of the early animation work of pioneers in the genre; whose names are unknown to most.GOING STRAIGHT TO the top of the list and the head of the class is one Winsor McCay. Mr. McCay was already an outstanding draftsman and true artist; who had already been well known for his comic strip, LITTLE NEMO IN SLUMBERLAND, which had run for years; being syndicated to many newspapers in both the United States and throughout the world.THE METHOD USED by McCay made use of many thousands more drawings than would have been required only a few years later. This was due to the invention of clear plastic cells; which would be alternated sequentially over a single background. The painting of characters, vehicles, animals, etc. on the cell and then photographed over the background eliminated possibly as much as 60% of the drawing required.BUT IT IS this quality of rendering the scenes that are so lifelike that gives such a dramatic and moving feel to this short. There needn't have been more length to the story telling, when the actual sinking of the Lusitania was completed in about 15 minutes! WE FOUND THIS "cartoon" to be eerily haunting, even disturbing. In particular, we are referring to the depiction of the great ship sinking, one end going down with the other high in the air. All during this time, McCay has given us the sight of many people (in long shot); who are helplessly and desperately jumping many feet off of the ship to an equally unsure fate in the North Atlantic.WHEN WE SCREENED this short, we were instantly put in the same mental state we all had when viewing those poor, helpless murdered individuals who jumped from the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001.NOW YOU SEE what we mean about seeing this being a highly dramatic experience! DO YOU STILL call them "cartoons?"
This is a tough animated film to rate, as in some ways this is a wonderful film and in others it's lousy. When it comes to mobilizing the American public to demand war and volunteer to fight abroad, it was top-notch propaganda. It did so much to justify our entry into the war to destroy the evil Hun! But, history has shown us a lot that was not discussed in the film. First, the Lusitania was not an innocent passenger liner. Recent dives have found detonators and other contraband were being carried on this passenger liner. Second, the Germans were at fault for this pointless war--as were the Russians, Austria-Hungarians, French, British, etc.! And third, although widely circulated during the war as a deliberate hoax, the Kaiser did NOT decorate the captain of the sub for sinking the Lusitania!! If you ignore all the controversy above and just focus on the quality of the animation, for 1918, this is an amazing film. Well animated with excellent backgrounds and a jerking and super-effective finale featuring a drowning mother and her child--this is an amazing film. While most today would probably find the animation primitive and dull, for its time it was terrific. Too bad the central message is so fatally flawed and inaccurate.
Although Winsor McCay is primarily known for such whimsical flights of fantasy as "Gertie the Dinosaur" and the comic strip "Little Nemo in Slumberland", this recreation of the great ocean-liner tragedy is just as remarkable. Painstakingly realistic, the graphic detail and fluidity of motion in this cartoon are far ahead of their time. This was actually the first film to use cel animation, as the amount of detail McCay envisioned would have made drawing each picture individually near impossible. In fact, you really have to look closely at the human figures to tell that it isn't actual live footage. The torpedoes striking the hull, the subsequent explosions, the lifeboats and ropes flying over the sides, the passengers jumping overboard, the attempts at rescue, and the tragic fates of those unfortunates adrift in the ocean are all wonderfully and harrowingly realised. That the quality of this film isn't in the greatest condition anymore (at least the print of it I saw wasn't) somehow only makes it feel even more authentic. The final shot packs an emotional wallop infinitely greater than anything in Cameron's TITANIC.